If someone criminally inclined gets access to your bank or credit card details, you could see a lot of money disappear. No matter how careful you are to keep your identity and personal details safe and secure, you may still have your bank details stolen or other personal details compromised through no fault of your own.
DAS Law’s Bethan Mack shares some ‘need to knows’ if this happens.
Bank compensation for unauthorised transactions
If someone has taken money from your account or used it to make an unauthorised transaction, the bank must refund the payment, unless they can prove that it was authorised by you or that you were at fault.
How to get money refunded
If you notice that a transaction that you did not authorise has been carried out, you must notify your bank immediately. They can then take steps to ensure that no further money is taken – the bank is required to refund you for any unauthorised transactions that take place after you notify them.
If you have any evidence to prove that you did not authorise the transaction, you should provide that too – for example, if money was taken from a cash machine, you could provide the bank with proof that you were somewhere else at the time of the transaction.
Unless the bank disputes whether or not you are entitled to a refund, they should refund the money without any undue delay and by the end of the business day following the day they were notified of the problem.
They should also refund any charges that you have incurred as a result – for example, if the transaction puts you into your overdraft, the bank should refund you any overdraft fees.
When can the bank refuse to refund?
The bank may refuse to give you a refund for any of the following reasons:
You did authorise the transaction
Simply enough, the bank thinks that you did authorise the transaction, and that you are not due a refund as a result. (Note that deliberately making a false unauthorised transaction claim will likely get you reported to the police for fraud.)
You left it too late to notify them
You must notify the bank of an unauthorised payment within 13 months of it taking place – tell them any later and you will not be entitled to any compensation.
You acted fraudulently or negligently
You did not take enough care to protect your account from being compromised, making it easier for someone to access your account. This could include failing to keep your online banking password or your PIN private, or having your card lost or stolen and not telling the bank quickly enough.
Bear in mind that the burden of proof is on the bank in this situation. They can’t force you to prove that the transaction was unauthorised; they can only refuse to refund you if they can prove it was your fault.
If you don’t agree with the bank
If you think the bank is wrong to refuse to reimburse you, you can escalate the claim through the bank’s internal complaints process.
If the bank still won’t budge, you can take your complaint to the Financial Ombudsman Service.
You can use the complaint form on their site, or call them on 0300 123 9 123 or 0800 023 4567.
You should ask your bank to provide you with a final response letter to confirm that you are at a stalemate – the ombudsman may require this before taking on your case. If the bank sends this letter (or does not respond to the request within a couple of weeks) you should take your case to the FOS.
If the FOS decides that you shouldn’t be refunded, your last resort is to take the case to court. However, before taking the bank to court, you should consider that:
- The court may not rule in your favour;
- Even if you win, the refund you get might be wiped out by court and legal fees; and
- Going to court is an inconvenience, to say the least.
Unauthorised direct debit payments
If a direct debit payment has been made from your account in error, you are entitled to claim the money back from your bank under the Direct Debit Guarantee. If this has happened, contact your bank.
You can also claim a refund if the amount or frequency of a payment is changed without enough notice. For example, if you had a direct debit of £5 a month to an organisation, and the organisation increased the amount to £10 without warning you first, you are entitled to a refund.
Disclaimer: This information is for general guidance regarding rights and responsibilities and is not formal legal advice as no lawyer-client relationship has been created. Note that the information was accurate at the time of publication but laws may have since changed.